Symptoms of Children with Renal Failure in Different Stages

Clinically, Renal Failure is divided into three stages: oliguric phase, diuresis phase and recovery phase. Then, what are the symptoms of Children patients with Renal Failure in the three stages?
I. Oliguric phase of Renal Failure
Oliguric phase generally lasts for one to two weeks, or even four to six weeks. The longer it lasts, the severer renal injury is. If patients appear to have Oliguria for more than 15days or have no urine for more than 10 days, they would have a poor prognosis. And the other symptoms in this phase are as follows.
1. Water natrium retention. It can manifest Anasarca, Hypertension, Pulmonary Edema, Heart Failure and Dilutional Hyponatremia (sometimes) induced by water retention.
2. Electrolyte disturbance. It is commonly detected by high-potassium, low-calcium, high- magnesium, high-phosphorus and Hypochloridemia.
3. Metabolic acidosis. It presents Nausea, Vomiting, Fatigue, Drowsiness, Hyperpnea, Inappetence, even Coma, as well as a descended level of blood PH.
4. Uremia. It is caused by the deposition of toxins in body. As a result, toxicity symptoms of all body systems can be found in this phase. At same time, the severity of Toxicosis relates in direction ration with the elevated concentration of nitrogen and creatinine.
5. Infection. As a common complication of Renal Failure, the common infections are respiratory tract and urinary tract. At same time, the disease germ of infection is commonly seen as staphylococcus aureus and gram negative bacilli.
II. Diuresis phase of Renal Failure
When the urine volume of children patients with Renal Failure increases continuously to 250mL / m2 within 24hours and meantime Anasarca lightens, it can be called diuresis phase, which generally lasts for one to two weeks (or even one month). In this phase, a great deal of urine appears and causes Dehydration, low-sodium and Hypokalemia to occur. At the same time, Azotemia continues or even aggravates in early phase, but renal function recovers gradually in later stage.
III. Recovery phase.
After diuresis phase, children patients’ renal function improves and their urine volume, blood urine nitrogen, as well as creatinine recover gradually to normal level, but their renal concentration function needs several months to recover, even some irreversible renal injury can be found in a few patients. In this phase, Asthenia, Emaciation, Malnutrition, Anemia as well as a descended level of immune function can be found in children patients. Nonoliguric Acute Renal Failure is commonly seen as Acute Tubular Necrosis (caused by drugs). Compared with Noliguric Acute Renal Failure, the clinical manifestations of Nonoliguric Acute Renal Failure are better in symptoms, complications, and morbidity.
All above is the information about the symptoms of Children patients with Renal Failure. If you want to know more, please email me at khkpcn@hotmail.com.