Do You Know the Stages of Renal Failure

Do you know the stages of Renal Failure? Clinically, Renal Failure has been divided into four stages according to the illness condition: renal function compensatory period, renal function decompensation period, renal failure period, uremia period.
1. Renal compensatory period: GFR(Glomerular Filtration Rate) of normal people is 120ml/minute.
At this period, GFR will reduce to 30-60ml/minute, and renal function will be reduced by 20%-25%. At this time, storage function of kidneys have been lost, but as for discharging metabolism product, adjusting the balance of water, electrolyte and acid-base, their function is not very poor. So clinically, there is no noticeable symptoms among patients, level of creatinine and urea will be normal or a little elevated.
2. Renal function decompensation period: at this period, GFR will be reduced to 25 ml/minutes, and renal function will be reduced by 50%-70%.
Concentration function of kidneys will be disordered, patients will have nocturia and diuresis, and different degree of anemia and other symptoms. And commonly, most of the patients will have azotemia, and elevated level of creatinine and urea. Clinically, patients will have lacking of strength, poor appetite, nausea, and slight general discomfort and so on. At this time, if renal function can not be protected or extra burden be added, such as serious vomiting, diarrhea, insufficient blood volume, serious infection, and taking renal toxic drugs can result in renal function decline sharply, thus leading to Renal Failure.
3. Renal Failure period ( prophase of Uremia): GFR has been declined to 10-15ml/minute, and renal function has been reduced by 70%-90%.
Renal function has been damaged seriously, and it cannot maintain the balance of water, electrolytes, and acid-base in the organ. Because of the unstable environment in organism, level of creatinine and urea will rise up obviously. Dysfunction of urinary concentration, acidosis, water-natrium retention, low calcium, high phosphorus, high potassium and other symptoms of imbalance. Patients may have obvious anemia, and gastrointestinal symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, poor appetite, or neural symptoms, such as weak, absent minded, and lassitude and so on.
4. Uremia period: GFR has been declined to lower than 10-15ml/minute, and renal function has reduced by more than 90%. This period is the end stage of chronic renal failure.
The above clinical symptoms are even more serious, several organs will show function failure. For example, gastrointestinal tract, neural system, cardiovascular, hemopoietic systems, respiratory systems, skin and metabolism systems and the balance of other symptoms will be disordered seriously. Clinical symptoms are nausea, vomiting, dysphoria, elevated level of high blood pressure, palpitation, choking sensation in chest, unable to lie down, dyspnea, serious anemia, twitch, coma, high serum potassium, hyponatremia, low calcium, hyperphosphatemia. In this period, patients should be treated with dialysis to sustain their life. Patients with kidney disease in this stage will die suddenly because of hyperkalemia, cerebral edema, pulmonary edema, and heart failure!
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